HEALTH

Fried foods can increase health risk

EATING fried foods may increase your risk for major heart disease and stroke, according to a new analysis of existing research.
Compared to those who ate the least, people who ate the most fried food per week had a 28 per cent higher risk of major cardiovascular events, a 22 per cent greater risk of coronary heart disease and a 37 per cent heightened risk of heart failure, according to the study published Monday in the journal Heart.
Each additional weekly serving of 114 grams or a half cup of fried foods increased the risk for heart attack and stroke by 3 per cent, heart disease by 2 per cent and heart failure by 12 per cent, the study found. A medium McDonald’s french fry serving, for example, is 117 grams.
No associations were found for deaths from cardiovascular disease or from any cause, but the researchers said this might be because of the relatively small numbers involved in some of the studies.

Fried food and trans fats
When food is fried, it absorbs some of the fat from the oil, potentially increasing calories. In addition, commercially fried and processed foods can often contain trans fats, created by an industrialised process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid (think of semisoft margarine and shortening).
The food industry loves trans fats because they are cheap to produce, last a long time and give foods a great taste and texture.
Besides fried foods, you’ll find trans fats in coffee creamer, cakes, pie crusts, frozen pizza, cookies, crackers, biscuits and dozens of other processed foods.
The US Food and Drug Association banned trans fats in 2015, but has extended time frames for the industry — the latest gave companies until June 18, 2019, to stop manufacturing foods and until January 1, 2021, for these products to work their way through the marketplace.
There is still a loophole, however. The FDA allows companies to label a food as “0 grams” of trans fats if one serving of the food contains less than 0.5 grams.
If people eat multiple servings of such foods, the small doses can quickly add up, experts say, contributing to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other conditions, such as dementia.
According to the American Heart Association, trans fats raise your bad cholesterol levels and lower your good cholesterol levels. The AHA recommends replacing trans fats from fried and processed foods with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, such as olive and canola oil.
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Only an association
Despite the evidence behind the health impact of trans fats, this meta analysis of studies can only show an association between consumption of fried foods and cardiovascular risk.
The “findings of this study are consistent with current guidance to limit intake of fried foods but cannot be considered as providing definitive evidence on the role of fried food consumption in cardiovascular health,” said Alun Hughes, professor of cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology at University College London, in a statement. Hughes was not involved in the study.
That’s because most studies of this kind reply on study participants’ recall of the amount and type of fried foods eaten, which is subject to error. In addition, high consumption of fried foods is likely to be associated with overeating and obesity, lack of exercise and other unhealthy behaviors that can contribute to heart disease, experts said.
“If the relationship is causal, we can’t assume that this association is definitely down to the fat content of the foods, as many of these foods are highly processed and often contain both fat and carbohydrate together,” said registered dietitian Duane Mellor, a senior teaching fellow at Aston Medical School in Birmingham, United Kingdom.
“So, when considering this type of study, it is important to consider that although reducing fat intake is a logical part of a healthy diet, it is also important to look at what foods are eaten in its place,” said Mellor, who was not involved in the study.
– CNN

Immune system mounts lasting defence

AS the number of people who have fought off SARS-CoV-2 climbs ever higher, a critical question has grown in importance: How long will their immunity to the novel coronavirus last?
A new Rockefeller study offers an encouraging answer, suggesting that those who recover from Covid-19 are protected against the virus for at least six months, and likely much longer.
The findings, published in Nature, provide the strongest evidence yet that the immune system “remembers” the virus and, remarkably, continues to improve the quality of antibodies even after the infection has waned. Antibodies produced months after the infection showed increased ability to block SARS-CoV-2, as well as its mutated versions such as the South African variant.
The researchers found that these improved antibodies are produced by immune cells that have kept evolving, apparently due to a continued exposure to the remnants of the virus hidden in the gut tissue. Based on these findings, researchers suspect that when the recovered patient next encounters the virus, the response would be both faster and more effective, preventing re-infection.
“This is really exciting news. The type of immune response we see here could potentially provide protection for quite some time, by enabling the body to mount a rapid and effective response to the virus upon re-exposure,” says Michel C. Nussenzweig, the Zanvil A. Cohn and Ralph M. Steinman professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, whose team has been tracking and characterising antibody response in Covid-19 patients since the early days of the pandemic in New York. – Science Daily